2. Family History and Genetics
A family history of ovarian, breast, or colon cancer increases risk. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations—originally linked to breast cancer—are also associated with ovarian cancer. Genetic testing may be recommended for women with strong family histories of these cancers. (Source: Mayo Clinic)

3. Pregnancy and Menstruation
Women who have never been pregnant, began menstruating before age 12, or went through menopause after age 50 are at a higher risk. Fewer menstrual cycles appear to lower the likelihood of developing ovarian cancer, so women with multiple pregnancies tend to have a reduced risk.

4. Certain Medications
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause and long-term fertility treatments may increase risk. Conversely, birth control pills have been shown to reduce it.

5. Other Factors
Smoking, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and intrauterine device (IUD) use have also been linked to increased risk.

Why Early Detection Is So Difficult

Currently, there is no reliable screening test for ovarian cancer. That’s why recognizing symptoms and acting early is critical. When you visit your doctor, they may perform a pelvic exam, ultrasound, or bl00d tests to look for warning signs.

Researchers continue to search for better screening methods that can detect the disease at an earlier, more treatable stage.